Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo benza izisombululo zibe zezabo. Bazilungisa uyilo, izixhobo, kunye neendlela zokulawula. Oku kuhlangabezana noxinzelelo olucacileyo lokusebenza, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko kwicandelo le-oyile negesi, i-semiconductor, kunye nolwakhiwo. Imarike yeevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwehlabathi iya kufikelela kwi-US $ 4.9 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025. Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo: le marike ilindele izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-6-8% kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Iivalvu ezisemgangathweni azisebenzi kuzo zonke iimboni. Ishishini ngalinye lineemfuno zalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iivalvu kufuneka zenziwe ezikhethekileyo kumsebenzi ngamnye.
- Abenzi beevalvu zoxinzelelo benza iivalvu ezikhethekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ioyile negesi zifuna iivalvu ezinokumelana neemeko ezishushu kakhulu nezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Iifektri ze-semiconductor zifuna iivalvu ezigcina izinto zicocekile kakhulu. Iindawo zokwakha zifuna iivalvu ezomeleleyo ezinokumelana nezinto ezirhabaxa.
- Ukwenza iivalvu ezikhethekileyo kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi. Kuqala ngokuqonda oko umthengi akufunayo. Emva koko, iinjineli ziyila kwaye zivavanye iivalvu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukubaiivalvu zisebenza kakuhlekwaye zikhuselekile ekusebenziseni kwazo ngokuthe ngqo.
Umyalelo Wokwenza Ngokwezifiso Ngabavelisi Bevalvu Elawula Uxinzelelo
Kutheni izisombululo ezisemgangathweni zingaphumeleli
Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo zihlala zingaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoshishino. Zininzi izinto ezinegalelo kwezi ntsilelo. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo lokusebenza lusenokuba kufutshane kakhulu noxinzelelo olumiselweyo lwevalvu. Ngokufanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lokusebenza kufuneka luhlale luphantsi ngama-20% kunoxinzelelo olumiselweyo ukuze isihlalo siqine kakhulu. Ubuncinci be-10% buhlala bufuneka. Iinkqubo zinokufumana amaza aphezulu ngaphezu koxinzelelo lwazo oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza (MAWP), oluthintela ivalvu ukuba isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Ukufakwa kwemibhobho yokuphuma engaxhaswanga kakuhle kunokubangela ukuba ivalvu ithwale ubunzima, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlalweni okungafanelekanga nokuvuza. Ukusebenzisa ivalvu engalunganga kwisicelo sesinye isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokungaphumeleli. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo.
Iivalvu nazo ziyasilela ngenxa yokungena okungcolileyo, njengokungcola okanye umhlwa, okuvala isihlalo sevalvu okanye wonakalisa i-diaphragm. Oku kukhokelela ekulawuleni uxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga. Izinto zangaphakathi ziyaguga ngenxa yoxinzelelo loomatshini, ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo, okanye imidiya enamandla. Oku kubangela ukuvuza kunye nokuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olungalinganiyo. Ukugqwala kunye nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali kunciphisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo, okubangela ukungaphumeleli kwetywina. Ubungakanani obungalunganga okanye ukukhetha ivalvu yokuhamba kwayo okucwangcisiweyo kunye noluhlu loxinzelelo kunokubangela ukungazinzi okanye ukuguguleka okugqithisileyo. Ukusebenza ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lokungena oluphezulu okanye ukufumana ukunyuka koxinzelelo ngequbuliso konakalisa iindlela zangaphakathi. Iindlela zokufakela ezingalunganga, ezifana necala lokuhamba elingalunganga, nazo zonyusa uxinzelelo loomatshini kwaye zikhokelela ekusileleni kwangethuba. Okokugqibela, ukungahoyi ukulungiswa kwesiqhelo kuvumela iingxaki ezincinci ukuba zikhule zibe ziingxaki ezinkulu.
Imingeni Eyodwa Yecandelo
Ishishini ngalinye linemingeni eyahlukeneyo engenakukwazi ukuyisombulula iivalvu ezisemgangathweni. Ukusebenzisa iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ezingenziwanga ngokwezifiso kudla ngokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kuquka iimodeli ezingezizo ezendalo ngenxa yesidingo sokwenza ngokwezifiso. Iivalvu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nazo zinemijikelo emide yokubonelela. Umahluko omkhulu kubukhulu bangaphandle wenza kube nzima ukwenza ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kwangethuba. Iindawo zokufakela zahlukile kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kuba nzima kwaye kungalungi kuba ivalvu nganye eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ineempawu ezizodwa zokulungisa. Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ke ngoko abavelisi kufuneka banikeze izisombululo ezenzelwe wena ukuze boyise le miqobo.
Ukulungisa iOyile neGesi: Iimfuno Ezigqithisileyo Zihlangatyezwa Ngabavelisi Beevalvu Ezilawula Uxinzelelo
Ishishini leoyile negesi libonelela ngezinye zezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu kwizixhobo. Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kufuneka zimelane namandla amakhulu kunye neemeko ezinzima. Abavelisi baphuhlisa izisombululo ezikhethekileyo kwezi zicelo zinzima.
Iindawo eziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu
Imisebenzi yeoyile negesi ibandakanya uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu. Iiyunithi zoxinzelelo lwegesi, umzekelo, zihlala zifikelela kuxinzelelo oluphakathi kwama-400 nama-2,000 PSI. Uxinzelelo oluthile luxhomekeke kwinqanaba loxinzelelo. Iiyunithi zeFrack zifuna iimpompo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iipayipi, imibhobho yentsimbi eqinisiweyo, kunye nee-manifolds ezinzima. Ezi zixhobo zijongana noxinzelelo oluqatha olufunekayo kwi-hydraulic fracturing. Iirigi zokubhola umhlaba eziqhelekileyo zisebenza phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu atshintshatshintshayo. Amaqondo obushushu anokufikelela kuma-400°F (204°C) nangaphezulu. Ezi rigi zikwanyamezela uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo loomatshini.
Izakhiwo zeoyile negesi eziqhelekileyo ezisezantsi zidla ngokusebenza malunga ne-7 MPa (1015 psia). Amaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-38 °C (100 °F). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izicelo zityhalela phambili le mida. Iivalvu ezikhethekileyo, ezifana neevalvu zeSaf-T-Matic, zijongana nenkonzo enzima. Zingasebenza kuluhlu oluphantsi lwe-15 ukuya kwi-8,500 psi. Uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-90 ukuya kwi-10,000 psi nalo lunokwenzeka. Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo lwe-single pointer, ezisetyenziselwa uxinzelelo lwepompo, zilinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 bar (15,000 psi). La manani agxininisa imfuneko yezisombululo zevalvu eziqinileyo nezithembekileyo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo
Izinto ezibangela ukubola zixhaphakile kwiindawo zokukhupha ioyile negesi. Ezi zinto zihlasela izinto zevalvu. I-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide, ii-chloride, kunye nee-organic acids zihlala zikhona. Ioksijini ikwakhokelela ekuboleni, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokujova amanzi. I-carbon dioxide ibangela 'ukubola okumnandi.' Isabela kunye nokufuma ukuze yenze i-carbonic acid (H2CO3). Le asidi ihlasela intsimbi, idale i-iron carbonate. Le mpendulo yenzeka xa uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-CO2 lufikelela kwi-0.5 bar. I-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ibangela 'ukubola okumuncu.' Uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-0.15% lubangela ukubola kwe-sulfidation kwiintsimbi ezicacileyo neziphantsi kwe-alloy. Ii-chloride zinezinga lokutsalwa ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zentsimbi. Zingena kwiileya zokugquma kwaye zisabela kwii-oxide zesinyithi. Oku kuhlala kubangela ukubola kwemigodi. Ukufuma kusabela kunye ne-CO2 ukwenza i-carbonic acid, okuqalisa inkqubo yokubola.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezinegesi emuncu (H2S) kulandela imiqathango engqongqo. Imigangatho ye-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 ibalulekile. Le migangatho ikhetha izinto ezimelana ne-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ngaphandle kokusilela. Zithintela ukuqhekeka koku ...
Izinto Eziqwalaselweyo Zoyilo Oluphambili
Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo baquka iimpawu zoyilo eziphambili. Ezi mpawu zijongana nemingeni ethile kwizicelo zeoyile negesi. Ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo kunye noyilo olucokisekileyo kubalulekile kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Zinciphisa ukuxinana kwe-cavitation kunye nengxolo. Ukulinganisa i-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) kuphucula iindlela zokuhamba kwangaphakathi. Oku kunciphisa ukuxinana kwaye kunciphisa ukuxinana kwe-cavitation. Iinkcukacha zezinto ezibonakalayo zijonga ukunyamezela ukukhukuliseka, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuhambelana nobushushu. Unyango oluqinileyo okanye lomphezulu lusebenzisa iingubo ezingagugiyo. I-Stellite okanye i-tungsten carbide yimizekelo. Ezi ngubo zikhusela iindawo ezigugiyo kakhulu ekukhukulisekeni nasekuxinaneni kwe-cavitation. Uyilo oluchasene nokucola luthintela ukwakheka kwe-polymer. Oku kwandisa ubomi beevalvu, ingakumbi kwimveliso ye-polymer.
Uyilo oluphambili lokulungisa lunciphisa ukubola kwe-cavitation kunye nokukhukuliseka. Oku kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yevalvu kwaye kunciphisa iimfuno zokugcinwa. Amandla okunciphisa uxinzelelo olunezigaba ezininzi avumela ivalvu enye yokulawula ukuba ilawule ukuhla okukhulu koxinzelelo. Igcina ulawulo oluzinzileyo. Iitrim ezikhethekileyo zokulwa nokubola kwe-cavitation zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokubeka uxinzelelo ukuthintela ukubola kwe-cavitation. Ulwakhiwo lweevalvu lulungiselelwe ukukhazimla. Xa kuvela ukukhazimla, ukukhetha iivalvu ezenzelwe ukunyamezela le meko kubalulekile. Ezi valve ziqondisa kakuhle ukuhamba kwevalvu ukuya kumbhobho. Imizekelo ibandakanya iivalvu ze-eccentric rotary plug kunye neevalvu ze-angle globe.
Ukuchaneka kweSemiconductor: Ubumsulwa kunye nokuchaneka okuvela kubavelisi beValve yoLawulo loxinzelelo
Ishishini le-semiconductor lifuna ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo kunye nendawo engenangcoliseko. Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kweli candelo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yobumsulwa kunye nokuchaneka okungqongqo. Nokuba ukungcola okuncinci kunokonakalisa lonke iqela lezinto ze-elektroniki ezinobuthathaka.
Iimfuneko zoBumsulwa obuphezulu kakhulu
Ukwenziwa kwee-semiconductor kubandakanya iinkqubo ze-nanoscale ezicolekileyo kakhulu. Kwanesuntswana elincinci longcoliseko linokubangela iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo. Amasuntswana ahamba emoyeni afana nothuli, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye nongcoliseko lwabantu (umz., iiseli zolusu, iinwele) abeka umngcipheko omkhulu. Aphazamisa inkqubo yokwenziwa kwaye anokubangela ukusilela kwemveliso. Umbane ongashukumiyo (i-electro-static discharge - ESD) nawo ubangela iingxaki. Kwane-microscopic ESD inokubangela iziphene kwii-silicon wafers kunye nee-semiconductors. Itsala kwaye inamathele amasuntswana amancinci ahamba emoyeni kumphezulu wemveliso. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela ekungavuthweni kwemveliso okanye ukungaphumeleli kwayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu (i-UPW) kubalulekile ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu yococeko. Oku kuqinisekisa imveliso ephezulu ye-semiconductor kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ezingenasiphako. Iikhompawundi ze-organic ezivela emanzini zinokubeka kwii-wafers, okubangela ukungafezeki okunciphisa umgangatho wemveliso. Nokuba ungcoliseko oluncinci lukhokelela ekubeni iibhetshi zonke zee-wafers zingafunwa. Oku kwandisa iindleko kwaye kunciphisa imveliso yokuvelisa. Iingcoliseko ze-organic zithintela ukucaca kokukhanya kwaye zisabela kwi-photoresists. Oku kubangela ukwenziwa kweepateni ezingafanelekanga kunye neziphene. I-Total Organic Carbon (i-TOC) inokwenza iintsalela kwii-wafers kwaye itshintshe ikhemistri yezisombululo zokucoca. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kwaye kubangele ukwakheka kweempawu ezingaphelelanga. Ezinye iikhompawundi ze-organic zenza iimveliso ezibolayo okanye zikhawuleze njengeediphozithi ezingafunekiyo kwii-wafers nakwizixhobo. Ukuveliswa kwee-semiconductor kufuna amanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu e-TOC (ngokuqhelekileyo angaphantsi kwe-1 ppb) kwi-UPW. Ukusilela ukugcina olu ngqinelwano kukhokelela kwiziphene. Iingcoliseko zinciphisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo kunye nokuthembeka. Oku kubangela amazinga aphezulu okusilela, ukunganeliseki kwabathengi, kunye nokukhunjulwa okunokwenzeka.
Ukuthintela ungcoliseko kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo
Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo bagxila kakhulu ekuthinteleni ungcoliseko. Bakhetha izixhobo ezithile kwaye basebenzise unyango olukhethekileyo. Kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, izinto zococeko ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo ziyafuneka kubalawuli ukuze bagcine ubunyulu kwaye bathintele ungcoliseko. I-316L Stainless Steel isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiivalvu kwizicelo ze-semiconductor. Inomphezulu wangaphakathi we-5 RA njengomgangatho. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuvela kwifilimu ekhuselayo ye-chrome oxide kwiindawo ezimanzi. Inkqubo yonyango isusa amasuntswana esinyithi kunye nesikali se-oxide ukufezekisa oku. I-PVDF isetyenziselwa iivalvu kwizicelo zamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kushishino lwe-semiconductor.
Iivalvu ezine-PFA zithandwa kakhulu xa kusenziwa izinto ezibalulekileyo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa ezifana ne-hydrofluoric acid, i-sulfuric acid, kunye ne-hydrochloric acid. Zinika ukungangeni kweekhemikhali kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo kubushushu obuphezulu. Iindawo zazo zangaphakathi ezinganamatheliyo zinciphisa ungcoliseko kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zihamba ngendlela ecocekileyo kakhulu. I-Electropolishing yinkqubo ye-electrochemical esusa ungcoliseko lwesinyithi kwaye igudise iimpazamo. Idala umphezulu wangaphakathi ococekileyo. Le ndlela ithintela izinto ezifakwe kwi-abrasives eziqhelekileyo kwi-mechanical polishing, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ze-semiconductor. I-Passivation ihlambulula umphezulu ngakumbi kwaye iphucula ukumelana nokugqwala. Yenza umaleko we-oxide otyebileyo kwi-chromium. Ukugqitywa komphezulu wangaphakathi ogudileyo luphawu loyilo oluqhelekileyo. Inciphisa ukubanjwa kwamasuntswana kunye nongcoliseko lwezinto.
Uyilo oluQhelekileyo noluphendulayo
Izityalo zokwenza ii-semiconductors zihlala zinendawo encinci. Oku kufuna uyilo lweevalvu ezincinci. Ezi valve kufuneka ziphendule ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho loxinzelelo. Amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza abalulekile ekugcineni iimeko zenkqubo ezizinzileyo. Oku kuthintela ukuphazamiseka okubiza kakhulu. Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo baphuhlisa iivalvu ezincinci ezinezakhono zokuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu. Bakwadibanisa neenkqubo zolawulo eziphambili. Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukulungiswa koxinzelelo oluchanekileyo nolukhawulezayo. Oku kunceda ukugcina ibhalansi ebuthathaka efunekayo kwimveliso ye-semiconductor.
Ukuqina koLwakhiwo: Izisombululo eziqinileyo ezivela kubavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo
Ishishini lokwakha lifuna izixhobo ezinokumelana neemeko ezinzima. Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kweli candelo kufuneka zomelele kakhulu. Zijongene nokusetyenziswa okunzima kunye nezixhobo ezirhabaxa yonke imihla.
Izicelo Ezinzima kunye neMidiya Erhabaxa
Iindawo zokwakha zihlala ziquka ukuhambisa ulwelo oluqinileyo. Udaka lungumzekelo obalaseleyo. Olu daka luhlala luquka izinto eziqinileyo. Zinokugaywa okanye zibole. Udaka ludla ngokuba ngumhlwa kwaye lurhabaxa. Oku kwenza ukukhetha izinto zeevalvu kube yinto ebalulekileyo. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kuthintela ukuphazamisa imveliso kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo. Udaka lwesamente, umzekelo, luzisa umngeni omkhulu ngenxa yokuba lurhabaxa. Lunokurhabaxa nemibhobho egobileyo. Oku kufuna izixhobo ezomeleleyo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana neempawu zalo zokurhabaxa.
Izinto ezixhaphakileyo ezirhabaxa ezifumaneka kwi-samente slurry ziquka i-ground limestone kunye ne-silica. I-Silica inokwenzeka ngokwendalo okanye yongezwe. I-Pyrite yenye into erhabaxa. Ezinye izinto ezifana namaqokobhe, itshokhwe, i-marl, i-shale, udongwe, i-slate, i-blast furnace slag, okanye i-iron ore nazo ziyancedisa. Ezi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ye-quarry kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesamente.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziQinisekayo
Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo bakhetha izinto eziqinileyo kwizicelo zokwakha. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka. Iivalvu zebhola ezenzelwe izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ezimelana nezinto ezirhabaxa, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ezi ziquka iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo, iintsimbi ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iiceramics. Izinto ezisebenza nzima, ezidla ngokuba zii-alloys kunye neentsimbi eziqinileyo, zibonelela ngokuqina kwesakhiwo. Zimelana nobunzima beemeko zokusebenza ezinzima. Iivalvu zolawulo ezisebenza nzima zikwabonisa uyilo olumelana nokuguguleka kwesikhumba kunye nokuguguleka kwesikhumba. Oku kubandakanya uyilo lwe-anti-cavitation trim kunye nezinto ezimelana nokuguguleka kwesikhumba.
Kwizixhobo zevalvu eziphatha izinto ezirhabaxa, iintsimbi eziqinileyo okanye ii-alloys zesinyithi zibalulekile kwiindawo ezigugileyo. Oku kubandakanya iipleyiti ezimelana nokuguguleka, ii-chromium carbide overlays, okanye iintsimbi ezifana neHastelloy®. Ezi zinto zinciphisa ukuguguleka ngenxa yokuguguleka kwezinto. Ii-Diverters zinokuba nee-wear liners ezinokuthathelwa indawo. Ezi liners zihlala zakhiwe ngezi zinto. Oku kwandisa ubomi bevalvu kwaye kunciphisa iindleko.
Izinto ezininzi zibonelela ngokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu. I-tungsten carbide yinxalenye eqinileyo kakhulu. Ifanelekile kwiindawo eziguguleka ixesha elide kunye nemiphetho. Imelana nokuguguleka okukhulu kunye nokukrazuleka okuncinci kwaye ilahleke kancinci. I-Chromium carbide ibonelela ngokhuseleko olugqwesileyo ekugugulekeni nasekukrazukeni okutyibilikayo. Ikwamelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza kune-tungsten carbide. I-aluminium oxide isetyenziswa kwiindawo eziguguleka kakhulu. Ibonelela ngokumelana nokukrazuleka okugqwesileyo. Imelana nokukrazuleka okukhulu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, inyibilika kufutshane ne-3,700°F. Ikwamelana nokugqwala kunye nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali. I-Chrome oxide yi-ceramic eqinileyo kakhulu kwaye ixineneyo. Imelana nokuguguleka okuvela kumasuntswana atyibilikayo kunye narhabaxa. I-coefficient yayo ephantsi yokungqubana yenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko wokuguguleka okunamathelayo.
Iiplastiki zobunjineli ezizinzileyo ngokwemilinganiselo, ngakumbi iipolymers eziphambili, nazo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zeevalvu ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ezi zixhobo zeevalvu zeplastiki ziyamelana nokufuma kunye nokukrala. Abavelisi banokuzisebenzisa ngomatshini ngokuthembekileyo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobunzima. Zinceda ekusombululeni imingeni efana nokudumba ngenxa yokufunxwa komswakama, ukutyibilika ngenxa yokukrala, kunye nokusilela kwenxalenye ngenxa yokuguguleka. Zigcina imo kunye nokusebenza ubomi bonke benkonzo ende.
Uyilo lweMeko eziMbi
Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo bayila iimveliso zabo kwiindawo zokwakha zangaphandle ezinzima. Umzimba wevalvu uhlala usebenzisa intsimbi engagqwali. Le nto inika ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina, kunye nobomi obude kwiindawo ezifuna amandla. I-aluminium lolunye ukhetho lomzimba. Ilula kwaye ayigqwali, nto leyo enceda ukuthwaleka. I-Neoprene yinto eqhelekileyo kwiidiaphragms. Inika ukumelana okungcono kwiiarhente zomoya kunye ne-ozone, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle. Iisprings zihlala zisebenzisa intsimbi engagqwali. Oku kuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okudinwa, kwaye kugcina ukuthamba kwimijikelo emininzi. Ngokubanzi, imozulu kunye nezinto ezingagqwaliyo zizinto eziqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zangaphandle okanye zaselwandle.
Uyilo lweevalvu lukwabandakanya iimpawu zokuqina okuphuculweyo. Izinto zendlu zihlala ziqinile. Intsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ezinye iialloy ezimelana nokugqwala zimelana neemeko ezinzima zoshishino. Iindlela zokucoca nazo zibalulekile. Ezi ziquka ukuhlamba umva, okuguqula ukuhamba kolwelo kube kukucoca izinto ezingcolisayo. Ukucoca ngoomatshini kusebenzisa iibrashi okanye iibrashi ukususa inkunkuma. Iindlela zokuzicoca zithintela ukuvaleka kunye nomonakalo ovela kumasuntswana aqinileyo. Izihlalo eziqinisiweyo zibonelela ngamandla ongezelelweyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinto ezimelana nokugqwala zibalulekile ukuze zihlale ixesha elide xa kusetyenzwa ngezinto ezirhabaxa. Izinto ezihlala ixesha elide, ezifana neealloy eziqinileyo, iiseramikhi, okanye izinto ezidityanisiweyo, ziyamelana nokugqwala nokugqwala.
Inkqubo yokwenza ngokwezifiso abavelisi bevalvu yokulawula uxinzelelo
Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelolandela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba bazisa izisombululo ezilungiselelwe ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno zabathengi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanqanaba aliqela aphambili.
Uvavanyo lweeMfuno kunye noNgcebiso
Abavelisi baqala ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimfuno ezithile zomthengi. Benza iingxoxo ezineenkcukacha. Oku kubanceda baqokelele ulwazi malunga noxinzelelo lokusebenza, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Eli nyathelo lokuqala libalulekile ekuchazeni ububanzi besisombululo esenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Ubunjineli kunye noYilo olutsha
Iinjineli emva koko ziguqulela ezi mfuno zibe ziindlela ezintsha zoyilo. Zisebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili kweli nqanaba. Ubunjineli obuncediswa yikhompyutha (CAE), obukwaziwa ngokuba yi-engineering simulation, bube ngumgangatho weshishini. Iinjineli zisebenzisa i-simulation ukwenza i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kunye nolunye uhlalutyo loxinzelelo/lobushushu. Oku kuphuculaukusebenza kwevalvu. I-SimScale, isoftware ye-CAE esekwe kwilifu, isebenzisa amandla e-CFD anamandla, ukudluliselwa kobushushu, kunye nohlalutyo lwezinto ezilinganiselweyo (i-FEA). Inceda ukukhawulezisa uyilo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwevalvu ngedijithali. Abavelisi bakwasebenzisa uyilo olucokisekileyo, ukukhethwa kwezinto, kunye novavanyo. Basebenzisa iindlela zokwenza izinto ngokuchanekileyo, ukuphosa, kunye nokwakha. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa eziphambili ezifana noomatshini be-CNC ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Uhlalutyo lwezinto ezilinganiselweyo luvavanya ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo. I-computational fluid dynamics ivavanya ukusebenza phantsi kokuhamba kolwelo oluthile.
Ukuvelisa, Uvavanyo, kunye neSatifikethi
Emva koyilo, abavelisi bavelisa iivalvu. Bavavanya ivalvu nganye eyenziwe ngokwezifiso zabo ngovavanyo oluqatha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Iziqinisekiso zibalulekile kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zoshishino. Imibutho efana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API) kunye ne-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) zibonelela ngezi. I-API iphuhlisa imigangatho yobugcisa yeoyile, igesi, kunye namashishini anxulumene nayo. I-ISO idibanisa ulindelo lomgangatho kwihlabathi liphela. I-ASME ikwabonelela ngemigangatho yezicelo zobunjineli boomatshini ezibanzi. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu zikhuselekile, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle.
Ukufakwa kunye neNkxaso eqhubekayo
Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze ivalvu isebenze kakuhle. Abavelisi banikezela ngezikhokelo zoku. Bacebisa ukuba kuqinisekiswe umzimba wolawulo kwaye kufakwe iivalvu zokwahlukanisa. Bakwacebisa ukufakwa ngokuthe nkqo kwiivalvu zolawulo oluhamba nomzimba. Oku kuthintela ukuguguleka kwangethuba. Iilawuli azizozixhobo ezivaliweyo; akufuneki zisetyenziswe kulawulo lokuhamba komoya. Abavelisi bakwabonelela ngenkxaso eqhubekayo. Oku kuquka ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa, kunye nezisombululo zokuqalisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Babonelela ngolawulo olupheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi, ukusuka kwisetingi entsha yeevalvu ukuya kulondolozo lokuthintela. Iinkonzo ziquka inkxaso engxamisekileyo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku kunye neeyunithi zokulungisa ezihambayo.
Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ezenzelwe wena zibalulekile kwicandelo le-oyile negesi, i-semiconductor, kunye nelokwakha. Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo baqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthobela ngokujongana ngokuchanekileyo nemingeni yokusebenza eyahlukileyo. Uyilo olukhethekileyo, ukukhethwa kwezinto, kunye nobunjineli obuphambili zibalulekile kula mashishini ahlukeneyo. Ezi zisombululo ezenzelwe wena ziphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo, zandisa ubomi benkonzo, kwaye zinciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zexesha elide. Iindlela zexesha elizayo, kubandakanya ukwenziwa kweeprototyping ezibonakalayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezongezo, ziya kuziphucula ngakumbi ezi zisombululo ezenzelwe wena.
FAQ
Yintoni eyenza iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo ezenzelwe wena zibe zibalulekile kwicandelo leoyile negesi?
Iivalvu ezenzelwe wena zijongana noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu. Zikwamelana nezinto ezibangela ukubola. Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo Abavelisi baziyilela ezi meko zinzima, beqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Abavelisi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo baqinisekisa njani ubunyulu kwishishini le-semiconductor?
Abavelisi beValve yoLawulo loXinzelelo basebenzisa izixhobo ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezifana ne-316L Stainless Steel kunye ne-PVDF. Basebenzisa ne-electropolishing kunye ne-passivation. Oku kuthintela ungcoliseko, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-semiconductor ezinobuthathaka.
Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi bevalvu yokulawula uxinzelelo kwizicelo zokwakha?
Abavelisi beValve eLawula uxinzelelo bakhetha izinto eziqinileyo. Ezi ziquka iintsimbi eziqinileyo, i-chromium carbide, kunye ne-tungsten carbide. Ezi zinto zimelana ne-abrasive media kunye neemeko zangaphandle ezinzima, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwevalve.